Prologue of the series “Biological Immortality of Human”
Throughout the history of mankind, there has been one unchanging condition for life: a person ages and dies. Civilizations arose and disappeared, sciences developed, technology changed the world, but the biological fate of man remained the same. Sickness, ageing and death seemed as inevitable laws of nature as gravity or the change of seasons.
Therefore, for thousands of years, people have been looking for immortality not in science, but in myths.
Ancient cultures told of gods who do not age. Alchemists were looking for the elixir of life. Philosophers have speculated about the soul that survives the body. Religions promised eternal life in another world.
But the 21st century was the first period in history when the question of immortality began to move from the field of mythology to the field of science.
Modern biology has shown that aging is not a mystical process or an inevitable curse of nature. Aging is a set of biological mechanisms: the accumulation of molecular damage, changes in the work of genes, violation of cellular metabolism, the gradual depletion of the body’s recovery systems.
In other words, aging is a problem.
And any problem that can be described scientifically can theoretically be solved.
Humanity has already learned to do what until recently seemed impossible. We deciphered the human genome. We learned to observe the work of cells at the molecular level. We are beginning to understand the mechanisms that drive body development, tissue aging and regeneration.
Moreover, for the first time, we received tools that allow us to interfere with our own biology.
These changes gave rise to a new philosophical direction – transhumanism.
Transhumanism proceeds from a simple idea: a person is not obliged to forever remain the biological being that evolution formed him. Technology could allow us to push the boundaries of human capabilities – improve health, prolong life, increase intellectual capacity, and perhaps one day overcome biological aging.
This does not mean abandoning human nature. On the contrary, it is a continuation of the deepest human tradition – the desire to overcome restrictions.
The fire allowed the man to survive the cold.
Medicine has made it possible to defeat many diseases.
Science has made it possible to understand the structure of the universe.
The next step could allow a person to change themselves.
However, the path to a radical extension of life will not be easy. It will require years of research, great scientific effort and deep ethical reflection. Not all ideas will turn out to be correct. Not all technology will be safe. And perhaps many of today’s hypotheses will be revised.
But another thing is more important: for the first time in history, humanity began to ask the question not “why are we aging,” but “how to stop aging.”
This series of books is devoted to this very question.
“Biological Immortality of Human” is not a promise of eternal life or a fantasy dream. This is a study of what science already knows about aging, what technologies are being developed today and what opportunities may open up in the future.
Each volume of the series considers one side of this problem: the biology of aging, the genetics of longevity, genome editing technologies, the biochemistry of cellular processes, medical technologies of the future, practical strategies for extending life and the philosophical consequences of possible immortality.
We live in a unique historical moment.
For the first time in the history of mankind, people are beginning to understand the mechanisms of their own mortality. And perhaps it is our generation that stands at the beginning of a new era – an era in which aging will cease to be an inevitable fate.
The question is no longer whether a radical life extension is possible.
The question is how far humanity is willing to go to change its own nature.
This series of books is an invitation to this conversation.
Book 4 of 7,
Print length 160,
Language English,
File size 1,4 Mb (Pdf)
Contents
Prologue of the series “Biological Immortality of Human”
Introduction by the author
Chemistry of life
How molecules drive the aging of the body.
Part I
Metabolism and aging
Cell Energy Fundamentals of Biological Energy.
Energy molecule – ATP
Metabolic pathways
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondria are the energy stations of the cell
Metabolism and life expectancy
Part II
Free radicals
Free radical theory of aging
What are free radicals
Reactive oxygen species
Oxidative stress
DNA damage by free radicals
Protein damage
Damage to cell membranes
Role of mitochondria in free radical formation
Part III
Antioxidant systems of the body
Antioxidant cell protection
Enzyme antioxidants
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
Glutathione and its functions
Vitamins-antioxidants
Cellular defense systems
Oxidation and Reduction Balance
Part IV
Longevity molecules
Metabolic regulators of aging
Coenzyme NAD +
NAD + and cellular energy
NAD + and DNA repair
Useful properties of Resveratrol
Resveratrol and sirtuin activation
Rapamycin
Rapamycin and cell growth pathway inhibition
Other longevity molecules
Part V
Regeneration biochemistry
Cellular regeneration
Stem cells
Tissue regeneration signals
Organ repair
Regeneration in animals
Tissue healing biochemistry
Human regeneration limitations
Part VI
Biochemistry of rejuvenation
Longevity signaling pathways
Metabolic reprogramming
Autophagy
Cell stress control
Biochemistry of cellular renewal
Metabolism and biological age
Epilog
Is it possible to change the biochemistry of aging
The future of metabolic medicine
Biochemistry of immortality
Biological Immortality of Human (series of 7 books)
Biology of Aging (book one)
Genetics of Longevity (book two)
Genome Editing Technologies (book three)
Biochemistry of immortality (book four)
Technologies of the Future (book five)
Practical Life Extension Strategy (book six)
Philosophy of Immortality (book seven)
Author Andrew Shamov
© Shamov.info Publishing House, 2026
Website: aweGene.com
Email: [email protected]
